Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering / Advantages and Disadvantages During the latter stage stages of the 20th century, man harnessed the power of the atom, and not long after, soon realised the power of genes. Genetic engineering is going to become a very mainstream part of our lives sooner or later, because there are so many possibilities advantages (and disadvantages) involved. Here are just some of the advantages : * Disease could be prevented by detecting people/plants/animals that are genetically prone to certain hereditary diseases, and preparing for the inevitable. Also, infectious diseases can be treated by implanting genes that code for antiviral proteins specific to each antigen. * Animals and plants can be tailor made to show desirable†¦show more content†¦They support this argument saying that it would be unnatural and in some religions would be unacceptable. Society an human evolution would change completely. To sum up, both sides have strong arguments to support their opinions. As far as my opinion is concerned genetic engineering can bring to humans longer and healthier lives. However there is a thin line between what is ethical and what not What are the disadvantages of genetic engineering? * 5 years ago Best Answer - Chosen by Voters 1. probably it would be costly 2. a single mistake has devastating repercussions 3. it borders on the issue of ethics and morality 4. an increasing demand for genetic modification which effetively increases discontentment for the self or for the original genetic configuration of an organism 5. prospect of creating new species might create natural imbalances especially on the habitats and feeding habits of other animals (by creating a new species, competition might arise, or it might be a predator to a prey who are already endangered, or for its own survival, it might need to destroy the habitats of others) 6. unexpected but undetected mutations can generally alter the future in unpleasant ways. What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering? Answer: advantages : 1. Disease could be prevented by detecting people/plants/animals that are genetically prone to certain hereditaryShow MoreRelatedUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 Pages6.1) Genetic engineering is the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. Develops a technique that produces unlimited amount of biological product by introducing DNA isolated from animals or plants into bacteria, and then harvesting the human insulin gene(product) from a bacterial colony (your genome 2016). Thus, the result of genetic engineeringRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Food1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe alteration of plant and animal genetic codes for the ultimate purpose of increasing food abundance is an increasingly popular, yet controversial practice in the 21st century. Genetic engineering of food is done for a number of reasons, the biggest of which is increasing food supplies in the world, especially for the third world countries. However, there are arguments and even activist movements against genetic eng ineering of food, which begs the question â€Å"why is genetically engineered food soRead MoreBenefits Of Genetic Engineering711 Words   |  3 PagesShould genetic engineering be allowed? â€Å"With genetic engineering, we will be able to increase the complexity of DNA, and improve the human race.† - Stephen Hawking. Genetic engineering is the genetic modification of an organism’s phenotype, also known as an organism’s genetic makeup. Genetic engineering can have its advantages and disadvantages, but I believe there are more advantages than disadvantages. There are a number of benefits that we can only discover if scientists consider to study andRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering has been a major topic of discussion ever since Dolly the sleep was cloned. Its raises ethical, moral and religious questions due to the fact it is tampering with the makeup of organisms, and certain religions believe it is not our right to do this. Genetic engineering involves the re-arranging of DNA sequences, artificial horizontal gene transfer and cloning. There has been little progressRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Designer Babies1077 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering is the process in which new DNA can be added to an organism in order to alter its genetic makeup . ‘Designer Babies’ is a term developed by journalists to describe children born from genetically modified embryos. These modifications are done through In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), a process in which eggs are fertilised with sperm in a laboratory outside the mother’s body. There are only two legal forms of using IVF to select embryos based on genetic makeup, which are gender selectionRead MoreWhat Is Genetic Engineering?954 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the modification of an organisms genetic composition by artificial mans, it often involves the transferring a specific traits- genes from one organism to the other- this could be a plant or an animal. It is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genes- the genetic material. What is genetic engineering used for? It is used to change the genetic makeup of cells which spontaneously includes the transferRead MoreAnalyzing Genetic Modification And Gene Technology1279 Words   |  6 Pagesarticle is a well-known and has spent years researching genetic modification and gene technology therefore it is expected to have some credibility. The credibility of the publishers cannot be guaranteed as it is not a very well-known publishing company. There is evidence of cross referencing and the article has been updated so it contains up to date information. Bias This article is partially biased as both advantages and disadvantages of the topic is present but the article also suggests thatRead MoreGenetic Engineering Is The Making Of New Genetic Material Of An Organism From Pre Made Material1119 Words   |  5 PagesPeter Miller Mrs. Knetter IB Biology February 23rd 2016 Genetic engineering is the making of new genetic material of an organism from pre-made material. Generically, it uses ancient practises of selecting a certain organism to breed and hybridize. Genetic engineering is done by involving the manipulating the DNA. Restriction enzymes are used produced by different species of bacteria. Vectors are important in the DNA manipulation which carry fragments of DNA from organism to organism calledRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Developing Genetically Engineered Organisms1120 Words   |  5 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Developing Genetically Engineered Organisms Genetic engineering is the method of changing organisms characteristics inherited by alerting it genetic material. This often done to cause micro organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, to synthesize increased yields of compounds, to form entirely new compounds, or to adapt to different environments. Other uses of this such of a technology, is known as the recombinant DNA technology, it Read MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning that their genetic materials have been modified. This modification is achieved through a technological method, genetic engineering. Genetic engineering also known as recombinant DNA technology/genetic modification is a science that employs molecular biology techniques so as to modify or alter the genome of an organism. It involves manipulation of an organism’s genome directly by use of biotechnology. Typically, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is an exogenous genetic material, is inserted

A Brief Note On The Main Cause Of Crime - 2005 Words

Brandon Lawler CCJ 3014-003 Professor Seth Fallik May 2nd, 2016 Final Paper What Causes Crime? The main cause of crime is complex. Most people today believe that poverty, parental neglect, low self-esteem, alcohol and drug abuse are all associated on what causes people to commit crimes, but that would be too easy. Crime is committed for a multitude of reasons so only having one theory or reason would simply be insufficient. Crime can be conceived due to four different factors on an individual: Developmental, Psychological, Sociological, and Economic factors. Developmental life-course factors focuses on human development and how that persons own and social factors interact in different ways and at different development stages to influence individual opportunity for criminal behavior. Psychological factors are often learned through experiences and who the individual associates with. Control and primary groups are huge impacts on how psychological factors are developed and acquired through an individuals life. Most sociological ideas stress the relationships of social structures and social conditions, while the economic factor is mainly concerned on how comitting a criminal offense is influenced by incentives of the crimes. Psychology displays a number of different perspectives on the causes of crime. The two dominant theories are psycho- dynamic and behavioral theory. Psycho dynamic theory suggest that an individuals personality is controlled by unconscious mentalShow MoreRelatedFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, problem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requires police and citizens to join together asRe ad MoreImaginary Crime Scene Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesImaginary Crime Scene/Mass Disaster Lawanda Holloman Kaplan University Crime Scene Investigation II CJ370 In this paper, I am going to describe each specialized personnel that will be needed at the scene of a crime or mass disaster. I will inform you of what duties each of these specialized individuals will possess. You will be able to know and understand each of these responsibilities. At midnight on January 1 a call comes in of multiple gunshots fired at 123 ABC Blvd. Officer Black respondsRead MoreThe Rules of Evidence Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan in 1942; whereas state courts follow their own set of rules. State rules are imposed by a group of diverse state legislatures. 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The Queen is introducedRead MoreThe Skills And Attributes Of An Interviewer Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagescan be useful because it mentally brings the interviewee back to previous events, so that the current interview can be put into context and surrounded by pre-existing memories (Holmgren, 2017, p. 114). Minimizing is a skill used to suggest that the crimes a suspect or offender committed are understandable and not as bad as they may think (Holmgren, 2017, p. 133). The interviewers in Bernardo’s case successfully use this technique with Bernardo by thanking him for providing them with satisfactory informationRead MoreSummary Of The By Victor Rios1420 Words   |  6 PagesCarolina Prieto Dr.VanNatta October 16, 2015 Punished Reflection Victor Rios starts of the book by giving a brief background of his own life and what he experienced as a child in the ghettos of Oakland, California and the events that caused him to turn from his old way of life. During the span of Victor Rios’ juvenile years he decide to join and become a gang member Rios states â€Å"I joined the gang seeking protection that I thought police and other authority figures in the community had failed toRead MoreFreakonomics and Misconceptions of Economy Essay1244 Words   |  5 Pagesmean that one causes the other†, due to their entire novel being based on correlation. Freakonomics’ explicit exploration of the hidden side of everything captivate economist with unmentioned inferences backed up with reasoned correlation, linking compelling topics to shatter misconceptions about controversial stories, ending with a brief consensus of economic pattern limitations. Dubner Levitt were prompted by the riddles of everyday life to write their novel. Curiosity was the main fuel thatRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship Justified? 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Famous Manager Free Essays

NAME: PHILLIP H. KNIGHT Position: Chairman of Board of Directors in NIKE, INC The Nike boss wasn’t a big fan of advertising, but the company’s flair for promotion launched an athletic-shoe revolution. â€Å"Play by the rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Famous Manager or any similar topic only for you Order Now But be ferocious. â€Å"-Philip H. Knight In 1993, the man whom The Sporting News voted â€Å"the most powerful person in sports† wasn’t an athlete, a manager or a team owner. He was Philip H. Knight, the dynamic iconoclast who for nearly 30 years has shod the feet of sports legends and â€Å"weekend warriors† alike. In less than a decade, his marketing savvy and uncompromising competitiveness had transformed the athletic-shoe industry and made Nike one of the most successful and widely recognized brand names in the world. Knight first came up with the blueprint for what would become the world’s No. 1 athletic-shoe company while working on his master’s degree at Stanford University. Assigned to write a term paper on starting a small business in an area he knew well, the former University of Oregon track star naturally chose running. He outlined a plan for breaking the stranglehold Adidas had on the running-shoe market by using cheap Japanese labor to manufacture a cheaper, better-quality running shoe. Shortly after graduating in 1962, Knight decided to put his plan into action. He flew to Japan to visit Onitsuka Tiger Co. , manufacturer of an Adidas knockoff sold in Japan. Introducing himself as the head of Blue Ribbon Sports, a company which existed only in his mind, Knight told Tiger executives that his firm was the ideal choice to import their shoes into the United States. He convinced Tiger to send him some samples, promising to place an order after his â€Å"partners† examined them. Back in the United States, Knight borrowed money from his father to pay for the samples, and he sent a few pairs to his former University of Oregon coach, Bill Bowerman, who quickly became his partner. Putting up $500 each, Bowerman and Knight officially formed Blue Ribbon Sports and purchased 200 pairs of Tigers, which Knight began selling from his car at high school track meets throughout the Pacific Northwest. By the early 1970s, sales had reached $3 million, and Knight decided it was time for Blue Ribbon to break with Tiger and start designing its own shoes. In 1972, Blue Ribbon launched its Nike line, named after the Greek goddess of victory. Emblazoned with a â€Å"swoosh† logo Knight paid a Portland State art student $35 to design, the shoes featured a unique â€Å"waffle sole†-created by Bowerman-that offered better traction with less weight. Knight’s marketing strategy was simple. Rather than rely on advertising (which he admittedly loathed), he would get top athletes to endorse his shoes, and then let his sales force sell the product. His strategy and the timing of the launch couldn’t have been better. That summer, the Olympic track and field trials were held in Eugene, Oregon, with none other than Bill Bowerman as coach of the American Olympic team. Knight took full advantage of the opportunity, putting Nikes on the feet of several top finishers. When they made national television, so did the shoes they were wearing. One of the most visible runners to wear Nikes was American record-holder Steve Prefontaine. A cocky, anti-establishment type, Prefontaine became the first of a team of edgy athletes Knight recruited to endorse his shoes. As Knight had planned, athlete endorsements played a major role in boosting Nike sales throughout the 1970s. For instance, after tennis â€Å"bad boy† John McEnroe hurt his ankle and began wearing Nike three-quarter-top shoes, sales of that style leapt from 10,000 pairs to over 1 million. And the sudden popularity of jogging combined with Nike’s canny marketing created a demand where none existed before. No longer would any old pair of shoes do for that jog around the block; people wanted to wear what the best in the world were wearing. and that was Nike (as Blue Ribbon was re-christened in 1978). Nike experienced continued success throughout the early 1980s, thanks mostly to the tremendous sales of its Air Jordan line. Commercials glorifying Michael Jordan’s high-flying, slam-dunking antics made the gaudy black and red sneakers a hot item, selling more than $100 million worth in the first year alone. By 1986, total sales hit $1 billion, and Nike surpassed Adidas to become the No. 1 shoe manufacturer worldwide. Amazingly, Knight stumbled only once in his stellar career. In the late 1980s, Nike’s strategy of focusing on hard-edged, hard-core athletes ignored the growing market for aerobics shoes. When British shoe manufacturer Reebok pitched their leather shoes as a fashion item for the trendy aerobic workout crowd, they quickly overtook Nike in the top spot. Between 1986 and 1987, Nike sales dropped 18 percent. Knight was forced to face the fact that while Nike technology appealed to sports professionals, other consumers might rank appearance over function. In response, Nike came up with Nike Air-a multipurpose shoe with an air cushion in the sole. The commercial produced to unveil the new line featured the Beatles’ song â€Å"Revolution. † (The rights to which cost Nike $250,000. ) Nike Air may or may not have been a revolution in footwear, but it certainly revived sales. Nike regained the lead from Reebok in 1990 and has remained there ever since. But as Nike has grown into a huge multinational enterprise, it has become a magnet for controversy. In 1990, it came under fire from Jessie Jackson, who maintained that while African-Americans accounted for a large percentage of Nike’s sales, Nike had no black vice presidents or board members. Jackson launched a boycott that led to the appointment of Nike’s first black board member. That same year, stories of teenagers being killed for their Air Jordan’s sparked outrage at what was perceived as Nike’s overzealous promotion of its shoes. More recently, Knight has been accused of exploiting factory workers in Asia, some of whom are paid less than $2 per day by the subcontractors who manufacture Nikes. But despite this negative publicity, Nike sales have remained strong. Philip Knight, now in his late 50s, has come to be viewed as one of the master marketers of the age. When asked by a reporter how he achieved such fame, in a veiled reference to the Reebok torpedo that forced him to rethink his marketing strategy, Knight replied, â€Å"How did John Kennedy become a war hero? They sunk his boat. † Retrieved from www. ntrepreneur. com on April 10, 2013 As I can see on this article , we can obviously state that Phillip Knight became a good leader or manager. The qualities he have are (1)Perspective – he have the vision of what he wanted or desires for the company to be better (2) able to inspires, encourage and motivate other employer to do job proper and positive (3) able to communicate with his other co-me mber to produce more effectively plan (4) able to lead and control the company’s operation (5) Good in making effective decisions. Retrieved from www. entrepreneur. com How to cite Famous Manager, Papers

Diabetes Wound Care and Treatment-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Diabetes Wound Care and Treatment. Answer: Introduction: Wound is any type of injury sustained on a living tissue due to a blow, cut or impact, resulting in cuts or breakage of the skin. Minor wounds can naturally heal over time, however for people suffering with diabetes, the wound can take a several weeks to heal, and often can get infected. The normal wound healing process occurs in three stages, in the first stage an immune reaction causes inflammation in the wound to prevent infection, in the second stage, new cells are formed over the wound forming scab and in final stage a scar tissue develops healing the wound. The wound healing process can get delayed or complicated because of different health issues like: diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, low levels of Human Growth Hormone, Vascular disease and zinc deficiency. Each of these factors affects the healing of wound differently. In diabetes, high levels of blood glucose can cause neuropathy (damage to nerves) and reduces blood circulation, thereby preventing blood to reach the areas affected by wounds or sores, thus affecting the normal healing process. Unhealed wounds further increases risk of infections (fungal or bacterial) and even gangrene (Ha.org.hk 2018; Mousley 2018). Problem Statement: Foot ulcers in diabetes care caused due to neuropathy, reduced blood circulation and elevated plantar pressures, higher chances of morbidity, loss of limb and even mortality (Kavitha et al. 2014). This highlights the necessity of early identification of the condition to prevent its associated risks. Studies by Hurlow et al. (2015) have suggested that the evidence of biofilms presence on slow healing wounds can be a precursor of an infection. Furthermore, biofim can have adverse effects on key healing processes like the inflammatory response of immune system, formation of granular tissue and epithelialization (Seth et al. 2012). This poses an important question can biofilm be useful in the early detection of infection in diabetic foot ulcers? Research Objectives/Questions: The objective of the research is to study whether presence of biofilm can be used for early slow healing foot ulcers in diabetic patients and what treatment/management strategies can be used to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality due to it. Literature Review: Through a systematic review of literature, several aspects were highlighted that requires further studies to be done in the field of diabetic wound management. These aspects are arranged thematically: Biofilms: Studies by Harlow et al. (2015) suggested that slow healing wounds often develop biofilm, which can be a precursor of an infection. Biofilms can be understood as a well structured microbial community existing in a polymeric matrix that is created by the microbes (called extracellular polymeric substances EPS) stuck to a living or inert surface (Flemming et al. 2015). Seth et al. (2012) also supported that biofilm bacteria are more resistant to the immune reaction of the host as well as antiseptics and antibiotics, in comparison to planktonic bacteria, which increases the risks of wound infection. Furthermore, local inflammatory response to biofilm and microbial toxin can further cause damage to the tissues, and the biofilm can spread by seeding to adjacent surfaces to the wound, forming new microbial colonies (Philips and Schultz 2012; Kaplan, Meyenhofer and Fine 2003). Hurlow and Bowler (2012) added that poor moisture or poor control of exudates in the environment can lead to the fo rmation of a biofilm. Multispecies biofilm also have been found to be more pathogenic compared to single species biofilm (Seth et al. 2012). This further implicates the necessity to identify the type of biodiversity while analyzing risk of infection. Detecting biofim on wounds can allow healthcare providers to take precautionary steps to avoid infection before the manifestation of its clinical signs like fever, suppuration, erythema, edema, and pain in the wound, and conversely, presence of wounds that does not heal despite treatment, can suggest the presence of biofilm (Hurlow et al. 2015). Flemming et al. (2016) studied biofilms charecteristics that helps in the formation of the microbe habitat on the wound. They identified different properties like localized gradients (that provides a diversity in habitat), sorption (capture of resource by microbes), enzyme retention (that helps in external digestion), cooperation (forming a synergistic relation between the microbes), competition (that causes continuous regeneration of microbes) and tolerance (protecting the microbes from destruction). Such properties enable the sustenance of the microbial population on the biofilm. Figure 1: Emergent properties of biofilm and habitat formation; source: (Flemming et al. 2016). Visualization of biofilm can be done my different microscopy techniques like fluorescent staining with confocal microscopy; peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization; scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy with gram staining (Oates et al. 2014). Evidence of biofilm on clinical wounds can also be evidence by the presence of excessive and increasing fluid exudates from wound, antibiotic resistance, and repeated infection and wound recalcitrance. However, the study of literature showed a lack of detailed studies done to link the biofilms presence on diabetic foot ulcers and the rapid detection of biofilm on chronic wounds. Such knowledge can help to ascertain the importance of biofilm in wound care practices. Diabetic Foot Ulcer DFU: Diabetic Foot ulcers are linked with diabetic neuropathy and nerve pain, and can affect people suffering from both diabetes type 1 and 2. The foot ulcers can be caused due to mild injuries to the foot, which subsequently fails to heal, and cause ulcers. The risk for this condition can increase due to neuropathy, poor circulation of blood, unmanaged/untreated/uncontrolled diabetes, poor fitting footwear, walking barefoot or any activities that can increase the likelihood of sustaining even minor injury to the foot or lower extremities (Diabetes.co.uk 2018). Estimates show that the propensity of diabetic patients to develop foot ulcers can be 10%-25% (Dargaville et al. 2013). Due to the steep increase in the global diagnosis of diabetes, it is necessary that the process of chronic wound repair and tissue regeneration be studied in detail, which can help to develop understanding of the process, and implement effective strategies for management and treatment. Dreifke, Jayasuriya and Jaya suriya (2015) suggested that primary objective for healing of wound involves timely closure of wound, prompt relief in pain, and aesthetically acceptable scar. Hyperglycemia (or high blood glucose) can inhibit the formation of Extra Cellular Matrix ECM through rising secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF alpha and Interleukins IL-1beta. This is further complicated due to impaired migration of keratinocyte and function of leukocyte can lead to infection. Additionally, depletion of inorganic phosphates in the ulcerated area, leads to lowered levels of Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) thereby adversely affecting the immune response, further delaying/inhibiting the natural healing process (Lev-Tov 2013). Strategies like systemic glucose control, debridement of nonviable tissue and maintaining proper perfusion of extremities are of immense importance for treating diabetic ulcers (Dreifke, Jayasuriya and Jayasuriya 2015). Moura et al. (2014) suggested chitosan (a linear copolymer extracted from the exoskeleton of crustaceans like crab or shrimps) based dressings for healing diabetic wounds. They used the substance 5-methyl-pyrolidinone chitosan (MPC) that supplies neurotensin (which is a neuropeptide that functions as inflammatory modulator), and found that it can promote healing of wound. Studies done using various forms of chitosan, like microparticles, membranes, hydrogel and scaffold to analyze their wound healing effects (Park et al. 2009). Such strategy has shown to reduce diabetic wounds in mice by 50% (Moura et al. 2014). Studies by Yao et al. (2006) showed that treating patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcers with Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF2) can increase wound closure by 68%, and in 3 weeks accelerated wound closure by 24% in comparison to a placebo group. This was further supported through studies by Singla et al. (2014) that showed a significant improvement in healing time and increase in closure of diabetic foot ulcers by the application of tropical gens containing human epidermal growth factor (EGF). Debridement (removal of damaged, dead or infected tissues) of diabetic wound has been acknowledged to improve the healing potential of the surrounding healthy tissues. Different types of debridement strategies have been suggested by many studies. Surgical debridement where the necrotic or infected tissue is surgically removed is the quickest and most efficient method (Driver 2014). In autolytic debridement, an occlusive dressing is applied on the wound that allows tissue fluids containing macrophages, enzymes and neutrophils to accumulate which can then eliminate the microbes and digest the necrotic tissues in a moist wound healing environment (Sibbald et al. 2000). Mechanical debridement requires the elimination of necrotic tissue by wound dressing that is regularly changed, without causing any damage to the adjacent healthy tissues. Scrubbing of the wounds also helps the elimination of devitalized tissue and wound exudates, however such a process can also cause bleeding and pain du e to trauma to wound (Rolstad and Ovington 2017). Enzymatic debridement involves enzymes like collagenase, papain and fibrinolysin, and can be used when surgical process is not an option (Ramundo and Gray 2008). Maggot debridement involves maggots of Lucilia sericata, raised in sterile environment, placed on the wound and then wrapped using secondary dressing. Consequently the maggot larvae feeds on the dead tissue and secrete antimicrobial substances that ultimately show infection and foster healing and closure of wound. This implicates the importance to study further how the application of chitosan, growth factors and debridement of diabetic foot ulcers can reduce associated complications, morbidity risks and accelerate the processes of healing ad closure of wound. Research Design and Methodology: The study will involve diabetes patients, who have been diagnosed with foot ulcer (DFU). The study will analyze each patient using gram staining and light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to finds signs of biofilm and to classify its type, and then put on a treatment module that comprises of chitosan dressing and application of Growth Factors, and debridement (if needed) for 2 weeks. After the treatment, the patients will be analyzed again for foot ulcer. The study will be compared to a trial group consisting of patients with signs of biofilm, but given a different form of treatment or patients who refused treatment after diagnosis. The selected research process will be a primary research, and research philosophy will be positivism as it allows objectivity in the study, and gain factual information from the observation. The research design will be conclusive and the type of conclusive research design used will be causal as it aims to ascertain whether early detection of DFU using biofilm and early treatment can enhance wound healing and closure (that is studying the effect of early detection and treatment for DFU). The sample will be drawn from patients diagnosed with diabetes and foot ulcers (in the UK) but have not started treatment for the same. The study will exclude patients of foot ulcers from other causes (other than diabetes) to eliminate interferences in the etiologies of different conditions. Sample size: the sample can include anywhere between 20 to 30 patients (depending on the final sampling process), and will be selected through non-probability (purposive) sampling. This can be useful to analyze whether early identification of infections in diabetic foot ulcers can be done by looking for signs of biofilm on diabetic patients, and whether the selected management/treatment strategies can enhance or accelerate the healing and closure of wound. Data collection method will be quantitative, and collect the following data: Presence of Biofilm (yes/no) Type of biofilm (single species/multi species) Wound healing time after treatment (in days) Wound closing time after treatment (in days) The collected data will be subjected to correlation analysis to relate the early detection of biofilm and faster recovery due to treatment with chitosan, growth factor and debridement. Ethical Considerations: To ensure compliance to ethical standards and principles, the following ethical considerations shall prevail throughout the study: Participation of the patient in the study will be completely voluntary All participants will be briefed before and after the study, informing them about the reason for the study and the overall flow of the study or treatment Any personally identified information will be kept confidential and private, and shall not be published or shared. All clinical and diagnostic data will be represented intact, without any manipulation Permission will be taken from the local ethics board/committee before starting the research. Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcer can increase risks of morbidity and even mortality in diabetic patients, and considering the rise in the cases of diabetes globally, it is important to learn strategies that can enable early detection and prevention of DFU and its co morbidities. Also precautionary strategies (prevention of diabetes) can be the most efficient; more studies needs to be done that can link the importance of biofilm specifically for DFU. Since biofilm have been identified as a prequel to infection, detection of biofilm on foot ulcer can be a strong suggestion for treatment measures. The study will aim to analyze how early detection coupled with prompt intervention can reduce the risks associated with DFU and allow speedy recovery. The final results of the study can then be then used to compare results from other studies to support its veracity References: Dargaville, T.R., Farrugia, B.L., Broadbent, J.A., Pace, S., Upton, Z. and Voelcker, N.H., 2013. Sensors and imaging for wound healing: a review.Biosensors and Bioelectronics,41, pp.30-42. Diabetes.co.uk, 2018.Diabetes and Foot Ulcers. [online] Diabetes.co.uk. Available at: https://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-complications/diabetic-foot-ulcers.html [Accessed 23 Feb. 2018]. Dreifke, M., Jayasuriya, A. and Jayasuriya, A., 2015. Current wound healing procedures and potential care.Materials Science and Engineering: C, 48, pp.651-662. Driver, V.R., 2014. Treating the macro and micro wound environment of the diabetic patient: managing the whole patient, not the hole in the patient. InFoot and Ankle QuarterlyThe Seminar Journal(Vol. 16, pp. 47-56). Flemming, H.C., Wingender, J., Szewzyk, U., Steinberg, P., Rice, S.A. and Kjelleberg, S., 2016. Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life.Nature Reviews Microbiology,14(9), p.563. Ha.org.hk., 2018.Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Ha.org.hk. Available at: https://www.ha.org.hk/haho/ho/ap/AP17-18Eng.pdf [Accessed 22 Feb. 2018]. Hurlow, J. and Bowler, P.G., 2012. Potential implications of biofilm in chronic wounds: a case series.journal of wound care,21(3), pp.109-119. Hurlow, J., Couch, K., Laforet, K., Bolton, L., Metcalf, D. and Bowler, P., 2015. 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